Cleveland Clinic Atrial Fibrillation Study

Cleveland Clinic Lone Atrial Fibrillation GeneBank Study (CCAF) has enrolled patients with lone atrial fibrillation, defined as atrial fibrillation in the absence of significant structural heart disease. Participants were at least 18 years of age with a history of recurring or persistent lone atrial fibrillation, ≤50% coronary artery stenosis in the coronary arteries (if cardiac catheterization done) or with normal stress test results (documentation of normal cardiac catheterization or stress test required if age ≥50 years), and had normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 50%. Individuals were excluded if they had heart failure, history of significant valvular disease (>2+ valvular regurgitation, any valvular stenosis), significant coronary artery disease (>50% coronary artery stenosis), prior myocardial infarction, prior percutaneous coronary intervention, or coronary artery bypass graft, or latest LVEF <50%.