Multi-ancestry transcriptome-wide association analyses yield insights into tobacco use biology and drug repurposing

Fang Chen1, Xingyan Wang1, Seon-Kyeong Jang2, Bryan C. Quach3, J. Dylan Weissenkampen4,5, Chachrit Khunsriraksakul6, Lina Yang1, Renan Sauteraud1, Christine M. Albert7,8, Nicholette D. Allred9, Donna K. Arnett10, Allison E. Ashley-Koch11,12, Kathleen C. Barnes13, R. Graham Barr14, Diane M. Becker15, Lawrence F. Beilak16, Joshua C. Bis17, Meher Preethi Boorgula13, Daniel I. Chasman8,18, Sameer Chavan13, Yii-Der I. Chen19, Lee-Ming Chuang20, Adolfo Correa21, Sean P. David22,23, Lisa de las Fuentes24, Ranjan Deka25, Jessica D. Faul26, Melanie E. Garrett11,12, Sina A. Gharib27,17, Xiuqing Guo19, Nicola Hawley28, Jiang He29, Brian D. Hobbs30,31,18, John E. Hokanson32, Chao A. Hsiung33, Shih-Jen Hwang34,35, Marguerite R. Irvin36, Robert Kaplan37,38, Sharon LR. Kardia16, Joel D. Kaufman39, Tanika N. Kelly29, Charles Kooperberg40, I-TE Lee41, Daniel Levy34, Sharon M. Lutz42, Ani W. Manichaikul43, Lisa W. Martin44, Olivia Marx45, Stephen T. McGarvey46, Hall Micheal47, Ryan Minster48, Matthew Moll30, Karine A. Moussa49, Take Naseri50, Kari E. North51, NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Consortium, Elizabeth C. Oelsner14, Patricia A. Peyser16, Bruce M. Psaty17,52,53, Nicholas Rafaels13, Laura M. Raffield54, Muagututia S. Reupena55, Stephen S. Rich43, Jerome I. Rotter19, David A. Schwartz56, Aladdin H. Shadyab57, Wayne H. Sheu58, Mario Sims47, Jennifer A. Smith16,26, Xiao Sun29, Kent D. Taylor19, Marilyn J. Telen12, Harold Watson13, Daniel Weeks48, David R. Weir26, Lisa R. Yanek15, Kendra A. Young32, Kristin L. Young51, Wei Zhao16, Eric O. Johnson3, Dana B. Hancock3,†, Bibo Jiang1,#, †, Scott Vrieze2,#, †, Dajiang J. Liu1,#,

1Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
2Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
3RTI International, Research Triangle, NC, USA
4Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvanina, Philadelphia, PA, USA
5Department of Psychology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
6Deparment of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
7Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
8Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
9Department of Biochemistry and Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
10College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
11Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
12Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
13Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
14Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
15Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
16Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health,, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
17Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
18Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
19Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
20Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
21Department of Medicine, Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
22University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
23NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
24Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
25Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
26Institute for Social Research, Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
27Computational Medicine Core at Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
28Department of Epidemiology (Chronic Disease), School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
29Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
30Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
31Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
32Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
33Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
34The Population Sciences Branch,Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
35The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
36Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
37Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, USA
38Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
39Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington Seattle, Seattle, WA, USA
40Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
41Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
42Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, MA, USA
43Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
44Division of Cardiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
45Department of Biomedical Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
46Department of Epidemiology, International Health Institute, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
47Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
48Department of Human Genetics and Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
49Penn State Huck Institues of Life Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, University Park, PA, USA
50Ministry of Health, Government of Samoa,, Apa, Samoa
51Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
52Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
53Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
54Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
55Lutia I Puava Ae Mapu I Fagalele, Apa, Samoa
56Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
57Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
58Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

*: These authors contributed to the work equally.
#: Manuscript correspondence should be addressed to Dajiang J. Liu (dajiang.liu@psu.edu) or Scott Vrieze (vrieze@umich.edu) or Bibo Jiang (bjiang@phs.psu.edu)
†: These authors jointly supervise this work and should be considered joint last authors.